The forerunner to the photographic camera was the camera obscura. Camera obscura (Latin for "dark room") is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen (or for instance a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen and forms an inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening. This started it, but it was shortly improved by the years, slowly in form and quality. The size was a huge difference. Before the invention of photographic processes, there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside. The growth of all of this was done by scientists as the structure and way of getting a photo from the camera to a physical copy was experimented with for decades. Many scientists and inventors such as Schultze and Wedgwood made contributions to the study of photosensitivity it was an artist/printer, Joseph Nicéphore Niepce, who made the first real breakthrough in the link-up between the optical principles of the camera obscura and light-sensitive chemistry.
1. camera obscura
2. light sensitive chemistry
3. daguerreotype
4. negative/positive
5. "aura"
6. commodity value
7. exhibition value
8. cult value
9. photomontage
10. appropriated elements
11. cinematography
12. photomechanical reproduction
13. Eadweard Muybridge
14. Jules-Etienne Marey
15. Dadaists
16. John Heartfield
17. Raoul Hausmann
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